Quantification of on-farm groundwater use under different dairy production systems in Pakistan

The objective of this study was to assess the role production systems and management strategies on groundwater use at dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. In a prospective cohort observational study, 14 were enrolled from districts Okara Kasur, Punjab. divided into two systems: 1) peri urban farms, PU (n = 7; herd size 35 ± 10); 2) rural market oriented RM 6; 32 Mean SD). One commercial farm with Holstein cows (herd 60) as case study. Water flow meters installed sources readings taken fortnightly for 12 months. Results showed that amount daily on-farm higher (117 7 L/buffalo; Means SE) compared (80 8). having dirt floor used less water (78 7) than brick (119 9 L/buffalo). Furthermore, access surface significantly (77 10) no such facility (120 5 Groundwater highest July (145 9) lowest February (58 15 descriptive data revealed average during summer months 844 81 L/cow (Mean current findings conclude system, practices season greatly influenced farms.